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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) - Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Symptom, Cause, Treatment
PMDD is a severe form of a common problem called premenstrual syndrome, or PMS. Most experts agree that while PMS can cause significant distress, some women seem to have even more severe cyclical symptoms that may actually lead to physical or mental loss of function. The DSM-IV included PMDD as an example of a depressive disorder not otherwise specified. In October 1998, a panel of experts evaluated the evidence then available, and a consensus was reached that PMDD was a distinct clinical entity. To establish a diagnosis of PMDD, your doctor will perform a thorough physical examination to rule out any gynecological problems that could be causing your symptoms. The psychosocial theory hypothesizes that PMDD or PMS is a conscious manifestation of a woman's unconscious conflict about femininity and motherhood. While PMS is most often treated with over-the-counter pain medications (such as ibuprofen ), PMDD may require treatment with antidepressant medications of the SSRI ( selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ) type. While regular fitness has been shown to provide relief for PMS, it remains unclear whether exercising can improve the symptoms of PMDD. While regular fitness has been shown to provide relief for PMS, it remains unclear whether exercising can improve the symptoms of PMDD. Although genetic predisposition and societal expectations may play a role, the strongest scientific data implicate serotonin as the primary neurotransmitter whose levels are affected by ovarian steroid levels.
Symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Some common symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder :
- Marked anger, increased interpersonal conflicts
- Decreased interest in usual activities
- tension, irritability, mood swings, or crying spells
- Sleep problems
- Panic attacks
- Physical symptoms, such as bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and joint or muscle pain
- Agitation or anxiety
- Weight loss
- Strong cravings for certain foods
Causes of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
The common causes of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder :
- Personal history of a major mood disorder
- Past history of sexual abuse
- The causes of PMS and PMDD have not been identified, although social, cultural, biological, and psychological factors all appear to be involved.
- Certain brain cells that use serotonin as a messenger are involved in controlling mood, attention, sleep and pain.
- Levels of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol fall dramatically within 48 hours after delivery.
- Mental illness, including postpartum depression, in the family
- Past, present, or current domestic violence
Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- expectations for the course of the condition
- Many health experts recommend that women with PMDD limit their intake of salt, caffeine, refined sugar and alcohol.
- Regular exercise 3-5 times per week
- Therapy to help women with PMDD develop effective coping strategies may help some with PMDD.
- A balanced diet (with increased whole grains, vegetables, fruit, and decreased or no salt, sugar, alcohol, and caffeine)
- Exercise regularly.
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