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Obsessive-compulsive personality Disorder (OCPD) - Obsessive-compulsive personality Disorder (OCPD) Symptom, Cause, Treatment
Obsessive - compulsive personality disorder (OCPD), or anankastic personality disorder , is a personality disorder that is characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, and excessive orderliness. Some people minimize problems; others exaggerate them. Regardless of their usual style, however, mentally healthy people are likely to try an alternative approach if their first response is ineffective. Among the 10 conditions that are considered personality disorders, some have very little in common. Borderline and histrionic personalities, mostly seen in bulimia. (Such individuals are emotionally uncontrolled and impulsive.) Those who are suffering from OCPD do not generally feel the need to repeatedly perform ritualistic actions (such as excessive hand-washing), while this is a common symptom of OCD. When they do seek help on their own, usually because of troubling symptoms (for example, anxiety, depression, or substance abuse), they tend to believe their problems are caused by other people or by circumstances beyond their control. Personality disorders are not illnesses in a strict sense as they do not disrupt emotional, intellectual, or perceptual functioning.Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious, fearful behavior and include obsessive-compulsive, avoidant and dependent personality disorders. However, those with personality disorders suffer a life that is not positive, proactive, or fulfilling Cluster A personality disorders involve odd or eccentric behavior; cluster B, dramatic or erratic behavior; and cluster C, anxious or inhibited behavior. As might be expected, interpersonal relationships are difficult because of the excessive demands placed on friends, romantic partners, and children.
Symptoms of Obsessive-compulsive personality Disorder
- jealousy
- Impulsiveness
- Attention seeking
- Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion (e.g., is unable to complete a project because his or her own overly strict standards are not met)
- Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others; money is viewed as something to be hoarded for future catastrophes
- Restricted expression of affection
- Emotional distance, even from family members
- Hoarding things, or saving worn-out or useless objects even when they have no sentimental or likely monetary value.
Causes of Obsessive-compulsive personality Disorder
- Little research has been conducted to determine the biologic sources of this disorder.
- Evidence for dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways in these patients exists.
- Children with an alcoholic parent, or who have an abusive or chaotic home life, are at increased risk of developing antisocial personality disorder.
- Researchers believe that obsessive compulsive personality disorder, like many other mental illnesses, is linked to genetics and is caused by an imbalance in the person's brain chemistry.
- Personality disorders likely result from the complex interplay of early life experience, genetic and environmental factors.
- Some evidence suggests there may be a genetic connection, as the disorder tends to run in families.
- Modest evidence points toward the heritability of this disorder. Psychodynamically, these patients are viewed as needing control as a defense against shame or powerlessness.
Treatment of Obsessive-compulsive personality Disorder
- Cognitive therapy (also called cognitive behavior therapy [CBT]) is based on the idea that cognitive errors based on long-standing beliefs influence the meaning attached to interpersonal events.
- Group psychotherapy allows interpersonal psychopathology to display itself among peer patients, whose feedback is used by the therapist to identify and correct maladaptive ideas, communication, and behavior.
- This approach entails talking about your condition and related issues with a mental health professional.
- Being tense, loss of impulse control, aggressiveness
- This type of cognitive behavior therapy focuses on coping skills learning how to take better control of behaviors and emotions with techniques such as mindfulness, which helps you observe your feelings without reacting.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy may also help, and medications in combination with talk therapy may be more effective than either treatment alone.
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