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Personality Disorder NOS - Personality Disorder NOS Symptom, Cause, Treatment
Personality Disorder NOS ia a generally mental Disease which consist reserved for disorders that do not fit into the other personality disorder categories. People with features of more than one personality disorder but without the complete criteria of any one disorder can be assigned this disorder. Examples also include passive-aggressive personality disorder, depressive personality disorder, and people that display a particular trait such as sadism or masochism are assigned this disorder. Personality disorders form a class of mental disorders that are characterized by long-lasting rigid patterns of thought and behavior. Because of the inflexibility and pervasiveness of these patterns, they can cause serious problems and impairment of functioning for the persons who are afflicted with these disorders. Personality disorders are seen by the American Psychiatric Association as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it.
Symptoms of Personality Disorder NOS
Personality Disorder NOS is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and Behavior.Personality disorders are seen by the American Psychiatric Association as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it. These patterns are inflexible and pervasive across many situations. This instability was originally described in psychodynamic terms, as involving
- (a) Ego weakness, with poor control of impulses
- (b) primary process (i.e. irrational) thinking despite intact reality testing
- (c) Use of less 'mature' defence mechanisms such as projection and denial
- (d) Diffuse personal identity
Causes of Personality Disorder NOS
There is a high rate of self-injury without suicide intent, as well as a significant rate of suicide attempts and completed suicide in severe cases. Patients often need extensive mental health services, and account for 20 percent of psychiatric hospitalizations. The Causes are includes
- No definitive causes for most of the somatoform disorders have been established.
- Genetic and environmental influences appear to contribute to somatization.
- Children raised in homes with a high degree of parental somatization may model somatization.
- Sexual abuse may be associated with an increased risk of somatization later in life.
- Poor ability to express emotions (alexithymia) may result in somatization.
- Alcohol and drug abuse are common in patients with somatoform disorders. Patients may attempt to treat their somatic pain with alcohol or other drugs.
- Additionally, alcohol or drug intoxication or withdrawal may induce somatic symptoms of unclear etiology, unless the physician considers the potential role of substances.
Treatment of Personality Disorder NOS
Personality Disorder as Independent OutcomePredictors in Alcoholism Treatment. some treatment are are below show in the list
- Emergency department care: Somatoform disorders may present to the emergency room for assessment and treatment during periods of acute increase in Electroconvulsive therapy is not effective for somatoform disorders, but it may successfully treat depression occurring in the context of a somatoform disorder.
- Treatment of conversion disorder in the emergency room: Conversion disorder may be interpreted by the patient and family as a sign of an acute and potentially catastrophic medical condition. ER personnel should quickly rule out potential life-threatening, disabling, or treatable causes for the symptoms.
- Psychosocial interventions (primary care management)
- Randomized trials have demonstrated the value of physician education in the management of the patient with somatization.
- Psychosocial interventions directed by physicians form the basis for successful treatment.
- A strong relationship between the patient and the primary care physician can assist in long-term management.
- Psychoeducation can be helpful by letting the patient know that physical symptoms may be exacerbated by anxiety or other emotional problems. However, be careful because patients are likely to resist suggestions that their condition is due to emotional rather than physical problems.
- The primary care physician should inform the patient that the symptoms do not appear to be due to a life-threatening, disabling, medical condition and should schedule regular visits for reassessment and reinforcement of the lacking severity of ongoing symptoms.
- Psychosocial interventions for specific somatoform disorders
- Somatization disorder: Patients may resist suggestions for individual or group psychotherapy because they view their illness as a medical problem. Patients who accept psychotherapy may be able to reduce health care utilization. Psychosocial interventions that focus on maintaining social and occupational function despite chronic medical symptoms may be helpful.
- Conversion disorder: Limited studies about specific psychotherapy exist for conversion disorder. Behavior therapy or hypnosis may be effective. Symptoms often resolve spontaneously.
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