Akinetic Mutism - Akinetic Mutism Symptom, Cause, Treatment
Akinetic Mutism ia a State of consciousness with preserved awareness, retention of ability to move and speak but failure to do so.A state in which a person is unspeaking (mute) and unmoving (akinetic). . It is the result of severe frontal lobe damage in which the pattern of inhibitory control is one of increasing passivity and gradually decreasing speech and motion.
Symptoms of Akinetic Mutism
A person with akinetic mutism has "sleep-waking cycles but, when apparently awake, with eyes open, lies mute. immobile and unresponsive." Akinetic mutism is often due to damage to the frontal lobes of the brain. The patient appears awake and has normal ocular movement but does not speak, is incontinent, and has minimal motor response to painful stimulation. The involvement of bilateral callosal fibers in the regions of the anterior cingulate may also explain the profound hemineglect that emerged as the akinetic mutism improved. Akinetic mutism is often due to damage to the frontal lobes of the brain.
Causes of Akinetic Mutism
An example of a cause of this disorder would be an olfactory groove meningioma . Chemotherapy of the central nervous system may cause neurotoxicity in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia The olfactory system is made up of a number of different areas of the brain . Here is a partial list of some of the brain structures involved in vertebrates :
- Outside the brain, olfactory receptor neurons usually reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity :
- Olfactory epithelium (in the nasal cavity )
- Vomeronasal organ is an olfactory organ in some animals.
- Olfactory nerve
- In the brain
- Olfactory bulb
- Piriform cortex
- Amygdala
- Entorhinal cortex
- In insects :
- Antennae
- antennal lobe
- mushroom bodies and lateral horn of the brain
Treatment of Akinetic Mutism
There are two Treatment of Akinetic Mutism are 1.Trial of dopaminergic therapy and 2.Levodopa/carbidopa or dopamine agonist.Akinetic Mutism can detect damage to the olfactory system by presenting the patient with odors via a scratch and sniff card or by having the patient close their eyes and try to identify commonly available odors like coffee or peppermint candy. Damage to the olfactory system can occur by traumatic brain injury , cancer , inhalation of toxic fumes, or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease .
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